The former player: 'I wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Warning: This piece includes details of discriminatory language and behaviour
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell says that speaking out to expose racial discrimination in rugby union brought his professional journey to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to end my career because of what occurred," he explained to media outlets.
"I really hoped to carry on playing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were investigations going on.
"That was difficult - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and accept that this whole process is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather enough proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told media he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a extended period you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was eventually spurred to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the elite game and to the introduction of an action plan for the elite level."
"The organization has given significant attention on diversity and diversity in rugby union and a substantial amount of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"The organization are ongoing work with teams and partners in the elite level to work for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Premiership and women's rugby club now has face-to-face training on building welcoming cultures, with its success tracked via individual reports and feedback.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to intervene and defend others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have achieved so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away soon after the production of the documentary, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the game more open.
His 12 Foundation aims to connect with children in disadvantaged communities and support them thrive on and off the field with free sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the progress of the sport and if others is willing to share their story then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just doing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will feel about discussing their personal stories as well.
"I take the bull by the opportunity and keep bearing this flag and continue carrying this weight and accomplish what I can to develop possibilities and make the game more appealing and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely believe that the sport has the ability to change their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022